ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi evidenciar o papel dos viajantes na transmissão e na disseminação do novo coronavírus. A busca pelos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed®, SciELO, MEDLINE®, Cochrane, Center for Disease Control and Prevention e UpToDate. Foram incluídos artigos relacionados à transmissibilidade, principalmente aqueles associados à disseminação realizada por viajantes, do novo coronavírus. Excluíram-se artigos relacionados a outros surtos de coronavírus. Todos os estudos foram lidos e analisados integralmente. Onze artigos foram selecionados e tabulados, dos quais se pôde desenvolver uma fundamentação teórica, que expõe o grande impacto dos viajantes perante o crescimento da pandemia relacionada ao SARS-CoV-2, levando em consideração as diversas formas com que esse vírus pode se propagar, sendo elas por contato com superfícies contaminadas ou pessoa a pessoa, visto que a infecção pode ser decorrente de gotículas, aerossóis, fômites e, possivelmente, contato sexual, estando os indivíduos sintomáticos ou não.
The objective of this study was to highlight the travelers role in the transmission and dissemination of new coronavirus. The search for the articles was carried out in PubMed®, SciELO, MEDLINE®, Cochrane, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UpToDate databases. Articles related with transmissibility of the new coronavirus were included, mainly those linked with the dissemination from travelers. Articles related with other coronavirus outbreaks were excluded. All of the studies were read and analyzed in their entirety. Eleven articles were selected and tabulated, from which a theoretical framework was developed, which exposes the great impact of travelers in the face of the growth of the pandemic related to the SARS-CoV-2, considering the several ways in which this virus can spread, either through contact with contaminated surfaces or person-to-person, since the infection may occur through droplets, aerosols, fomites, and possibly sexual contact, whether individuals are symptomatic or not.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Carrier State , Virus Shedding , Sanitary Control of Travelers , SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity , COVID-19/transmission , Communicable Diseases, Imported/diagnosis , COVID-19 Testing , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , COVID-19/diagnosisABSTRACT
Hemos leído con sumo interés el trabajo de Peláez y Más1 publicado recientemente en su revista. A raíz de los datos expuestos en su contenido, quisiéramos, primeramente, puntualizar la importancia de tener en cuenta el marco legal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), como lo es el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI).2 El RSI es un instrumento jurídico internacional de carácter vinculante para 194 países, entre ellos todos los Estados Miembros de la OMS. Tiene el objetivo de ayudar a la comunidad a prevenir y afrontar riesgos agudos de salud pública, susceptibles de atravesar fronteras y amenazar a poblaciones de todo el mundo. Actualmente el RSI vigente tiene el objetivo de ayudar...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Communicable Diseases, Imported/diagnosis , Peru , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Due to the successful implementation of measles and rubella elimination strategies, Mexico announced the interruption of endemic transmission of measles in 1996 and that of rubella in 2008. After a verification process, the region of the Americas was declared free of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in 2015 and of measles in 2016. In order to maintain the elimination status in Mexico, it is essential to continue laboratory surveillance within the framework of the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. The Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, through the National Network of Public Health Laboratories, guarantees timely and reliable results in view of the possible reintroduction of these and other emerging pathogens.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rubella/diagnosis , Algorithms , Measles/diagnosis , Rubella/prevention & control , Rubella/blood , Specimen Handling/methods , Exudates and Transudates , Disease Eradication , Communicable Diseases, Imported/diagnosis , Proof of Concept Study , Measles/prevention & control , Measles/blood , MexicoABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Here we reported the outbreak of measles cases caused by the genotype D8 measles virus for the first time in Jiangsu province in China, which was possibly imported by a foreign student from Laos. Throat swab specimens were collected, and used to isolate virus. 634-bp fragment of the N gene and 1854-bp fragment of H gene were amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced, respectively. Phylogenetic results indicated that they belonged to genotype D8 measles virus. Further epidemiology investigation showed that the adults with D8 measles virus infection did not receive measles vaccine before having measles. In China, almost all D8 genotype MeV only infected those population without receiving measles vaccine immunization. Therefore, it is still necessary to implement the supplement activity of measles immunization target adult with immunity gap.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Disease Outbreaks , Communicable Diseases, Imported/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Imported/virology , Measles/epidemiology , Measles/virology , Measles virus/genetics , Phylogeny , China/epidemiology , Genotype , Measles virus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Imported malaria is a malaria infection diagnosed outside the area where it was acquired and is induced by human migration and mobility. This retrospective study was performed based on secondary data from 2007 to 2015. In total, 736 cases of imported malaria (79.7% of 923 cases) were recorded in Rio de Janeiro state. Of the imported cases, 55.3% came from abroad, while 44.7% came from other regions of Brazil. Most cases of imported malaria in Brazil (85.5%) originated in Amazônia Legal, and Burundi (Africa) accounted for 59% of the cases from abroad. Analyses of the determinants of imported malaria in Rio de Janeiro state must be continued to understand the relationship between the origin and destination of cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Communicable Diseases, Imported/epidemiology , Malaria/epidemiology , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Vulnerable Populations , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The dengue virus (DENV), of the genus Flavivirus (Flaviviridae), has four antigenically distinct serotypes, of which DENV-3 is classified into five genotypes. Here, we describe the detection of DENV-3 genotype I in sera of a Brazilian patient travelling from Singapore to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by using multiplex real-time RT-PCR, DNA sequencing of the whole envelope protein gene, and phylogenetic analysis. The virus shares ancestry with those identified in Bali, Indonesia, in 2015. It is possible that arboviruses such as Chikungunya ECSA genotype, DENV-4 genotype I, and Zika were introduced in Brazil from other continents during the multiple international events hosted by the country over the last four years, including World Youth Day, the Soccer World Cup, and the Summer Olympics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Zika Virus/genetics , Zika Virus Infection/virology , Communicable Diseases, Imported/virology , Genotype , Phylogeny , Genetic Variation , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , SerogroupABSTRACT
On 19 May 2018, a Nipah virus disease [NiV] outbreak was reported from Kozhi-kode district of Kerala, India. This is the first NiV outbreak in South India. There have been 17 deaths and 18 confirmed cases as of 1 June 2018. At-least three deaths occurred in a family cluster and a fourth death was subsequently reported in a health care worker who was involved in treatment of the family in the local hospital
Subject(s)
Humans , Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology , Risk , Communicable Diseases, Imported , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
The Ministry of Health of Kuwait received a notification from IHR national focal point [NFP] of Republic of Korea [RoK] on a Korean male aged 61 years, who visited Kuwait during the period from 16 August to 6 September 2018 and was laboratory confirmed as MERS on 8 September 2018 upon his return to RoK
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus , Communicable Diseases, Imported , Influenza, Human , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype , Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola , Rift Valley Fever , Cholera , Diphtheria , Dengue , Yellow Fever , Disease OutbreaksSubject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Child , Diphyllobothriasis/parasitology , Diphyllobothrium/isolation & purification , Communicable Diseases, Imported/parasitology , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Diphyllobothriasis/diagnosis , Feces/parasitology , Communicable Diseases, Imported/diagnosis , MexicoSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Lyme Disease/pathology , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/pathology , Borrelia burgdorferi , Tick Bites/pathology , Communicable Diseases, Imported/pathology , Biopsy , Brazil/ethnology , Lyme Disease/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Dermis/pathology , Erythema/microbiology , Erythema/pathology , Tick Bites/drug therapy , Communicable Diseases, Imported/drug therapy , GermanySubject(s)
Humans , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Smallpox Vaccine/history , Communicable Diseases/history , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Expeditions , War-Related Injuries , Communicable Diseases, Imported/history , History of Medicine , Military Medicine , Naval MedicineABSTRACT
Background: With the dramatic increase in international travel among Egyptian people, the risk of malaria importation from malaria-endemic regions threatens the achievement of the malaria elimination goal of Egypt
Patients and methods: Blood samples from 700 patients were collected from different medical laboratories in Egypt from travelers to African endemic areas either Egyptians or foreigners coming to Egypt within previous 8 weeks; during period from January to December 2016. All samples were done by direct microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears ["gold standard"], as well as the rapid diagnostic test [RDT] [Accurate MAL-w23, Polymed] for feverish cases as a confirmatory test
Results: A total of 25;3.57% [out of 700] imported malaria cases were recorded.P. falciparum [15 cases,60%] and P. vivax [14 cases, 56%] were the two predominant species as well as one case [4%] P ovale. From them 4 cases had mixed P.falciparum and P.vivax and one case had P. falciparum and ovale, The cases were coming from 11 African countries and their distribution was, Sudan,11; Nigeria, 5; Ghana,3; Cameroon,1; Angola,1; Congo,1; Chad,1; Guinea,1; Togo,1; South Africa,1; and Eritrea,1case.RDT was performed for feverish [300] patients and positive results were obtained among 27 cases. Twenty five of them had parasitemia while the other two had history of past infection
Conclusions: Imported malaria infections pose an increasing challenge to the malaria elimination in Egypt. The risk of potential re-introduction of malaria into inland malaria free areas of Egypt should be urgently addressed, also the rapid diagnostic tests [RDTs], offer a useful tool for rapid diagnosis in suspected cases
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Communicable Diseases, Imported , Malaria/diagnosis , Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivaxABSTRACT
Knowledge on infectious diseases encompasses a vast and constantly changing arena; and consistent research work is imperative to understand and combat the new problems resulting from emerging infectious diseases. Public health workers and epidemiologists aim at lowering morbidity and mortality due to diseases by preventing infections. For the rapidly expanding majority of the world's population; who live in the largely tropical areas of Africa; Asia and Latin America; the greatest threats to health remain tropical infectious diseases. Emerging infectious diseases are new; emerging or drug-resistant infections; whose incidence in humans may increase in the near future. With rapidly increasing international travel; the globalization and industrialization of food supply and exploding populations; infectious diseases pose unprecedented threats around the globe. Thus the imperative need is to promptly recognize; isolate and appropriately manage tropical infectious diseases. This review paper has attempted to provide the much needed insight into the different aspects of the major tropical infectious diseases affecting humans throughout the world